作物杂种优势分子遗传基础研究进展

Research Advance on the Molecular Genetics Basis of Heterosis in Crops

杂种优势是生物界的一种普遍现象,杂种优势遗传基础的研究受到了广泛的关注。近年来,随着DNA分子标记的发展和应用,杂种优势的遗传研究取得了许多有意义的进展。在综述了杂种优势遗传基础经典理论和假说的基础上,概括了利用分子生物学手段解释杂种优势遗传基础的一些新见解,如:上位性效应、遗传差异、QTL效应、基因表达调控、基因组的杂合性、遗传振动合成、基因网络系统、基因结构变化、基因组互补、遗传平衡、活性基因效应等理论或假说,并列举了部分理论及假说的分子遗传学证据。

Heterosis is the universal phenomena in biological kingdom. The hereditary basis of crop heterosis has been extensively studied. Recently,there are tremendous progresses on the genetic researches about heterosis with the development and application of DNA molecular markers. In this article, some new opinions about genetic basis of heterosis were summed up on the base of the classical theories and hypothesis on the genetic mechanisms of heterosis, such as, epitasis, genetic difference, QTL effect, gene expressing and controlling, gene heterozygosis, the resultant genetic vibration, the system of genic net, changes in the structures of genes, genome complement, genetic balance, the effect of active gene. Molecular evidences for some theories and hypothesis were also provided.