按势分配与社会公正:乡镇煤矿背后的利益关系——以湖南塘镇为例

Power-based Distribution Against Social Justice: the Stakeholder Relations Behind Township Coal-mines——A Case Study of Tang Town in Hunan Province

利益分配是考察社会公正与和谐社会建设的一个视角。基于湖南塘镇乡镇煤矿背后的矿主、矿工、村组、基层政府及各相关部门、红黑恶势之间利益关系的考察发现,乡镇煤矿背后存在着按势分配的两端:一端是在井下漆黑世界劳作的外地农民矿工,另一端则是一些握有权杖的腐败官员或依仗暴力的社会混混。这样一种按势分配的利益格局对社会公正形成了强烈的挑战。我国目前收入分配差距过大的原因,主要不在于市场化,而在于制度不健全所导致的腐败和灰色收入。

Benefit distribution is an approach to the study on social justice and the construction of social harmony. Taking the coal-mines in Town Tang, Hunan for example, we inspected the stakeholder relations among mine own- ers, miners, villages and groups, grassroots level governments and related departments, and underground evil forces and evil official powers, and try to put forward the concept of power-based distribution to describe the pattern of benefit distribution behind town＇s coal-mines. The study shows that there exist two ends of the power-based bene- fit distribution pattern：on the one end are the emigrant back-breaking coal miners in the pitch dark mines while on the other end are those corrupt local officials in power and those villains of social violence. The distribution pattern poses an immense challenge to social justice. The cause for the present ever-growing income gap in China is the corruption and grey income resulted from incomplete system rather than the adoption of market system.