如何解读东京审判对南京大屠杀遇难人数的认定

How to Interpret the Ascertaining of the Number of Victims in Nanking Massacre in Tokyo Trial

50多年来,我国学术界部分学者认为,东京审判的《判决书》对南京大屠杀遇难人数虽作出了"20万人以上"的总体估计,但连同文件中所称被毁尸灭迹者及其他因素,对中国法庭关于"30万人以上"的判定本质认可或并不排斥。2005年出版的《南京大屠杀史料集.东京审判》对《判决书》作了新译,进一步明确了其认定人数,连同毁尸灭迹的数字为"超过20万"。因此,学术界有必要实事求是地重新解读东京审判的判词。对《判决书》判定屠杀人数作出新的解读,并不影响我们对南京大屠杀死难人数继续坚持既往的认识与判断,也并不影响对东京审判的总体评价;但是,不宜再过份强调东京法庭与南京法庭在判定南京大屠杀遇难人数上的一致性,应当如实地承认这两者之间事实上存在的差别。

For the last 50 years, some scholars in Chinese academic community have thought that although in the Judgment of Tokyo Trial, the number of victims in Nanking Massacre was estimated to be “more than 200,000”, this estimation did not deny the Judgment made by Chinese Court that the number of victims in Nanking Massacre was “more than 300,000” if the destroyed bodies and other complications were taken into consideration. In the newly published book Historical Documents of Nanking Massacre ~ Tokyo Trial, the judgment of Tokyo Trial was re- translated. The new translation has ascertained clearly that the number of victims, including the destroyed bodies, is “more than 200,000”. Therefore, it is very necessary for the Chinese academic community to re-interpret the Judgment. The new interpretation of the number in the Judgment will affect neither our ascertaining of and judg- ment on the number nor our general evaluation of Tokyo Trial. However, we should not overemphasize the consis- tency on the numbers of victims in Nanking Massacre in Tokyo Trial and Nanjing Court. Instead, we should honest- ly recognize the differences between them.