模拟酸雨对山东主要土壤类型理化性质的影响

Study of the Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Main Soil Types in Shandong Province.

以ｐＨ２、３、４、５的模拟酸雨，对山东省棕壤、褐土、潮土、砂姜黑土、盐渍土等５种土壤进行１－１０ａ室内淋洗土柱试验．结果表明，除棕壤在ｐＨ２的模拟酸雨淋洗第４ａ开始酸化以外，其余４种土壤１０ａ淋滤液ｐＨ值均大于７；模拟酸雨淋洗土壤１０ａ，土壤淋失盐基总量是褐土＞砂姜黑土＞盐渍土＞潮土＞棕壤；盐基离子对酸雨的敏感性为Ｃａ２＋＞Ｍｇ２＋＞Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋；模拟酸雨对土壤中铝的活化作用是除棕壤ｐＨ２出现活性铝外，其余土壤均未出现．对酸化棕壤施用ＣａＯ进行改良，效果明显．

Five types of soils i.e.brown earth, cinnamon soil,chao soil(cultivated fluviogenic soil),lime concretion black soil,salt affected soil were leached by earth volume test with simulated acid rain of which the value of pH are 2、3、4、5,separately from one year to ten years.The results showed that the pH values of the leacheated four soil types which had been leached for ten years are more than 7, except the brown earth which become acid under pH 2 in the fourth year. The total losses of the leached base ions are:After ten years leaching,lime concretion black soil>salt affected soil>chao soil>brown earth. The sensitivity of base ions to acid rain are :Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >K +、Na +. The simulated acid rain has activation to the aluminium in the soils. There is no active aluminium in the four typyes of soils except the brown earth which the active aluminium appears in pH2. It has obvious improvement effect to apply lime to the acid brown carth.