中国传统外交思想近代转型的初次实践——鸦片战争前夕禁烟运动中的“具结”析论

Guaranty in banning opium smoking and trafficking before the first Opium War

为了深入了解中国近代意义外交观念的形成,外交思想从传统向近代的转变,通过对林则徐在禁烟过程中倡导并坚持的"具结"方式的分析,认为:在禁烟斗争中,林则徐不仅围绕"具结"与义律(Charles E lliot 1801—1875)展开了较量,同时尝试运用近代外交理念处理对外交涉。但是由于时代的局限,林则徐尚不清楚真正意义上的近代国际交往,出现了策略及认识上的失误。因此,如何有效地捍卫国家主权,进行对外斗争,成为中国人民必须面对的新挑战。

In order to make a deep understanding of the concept of Chinese modern international communication, and transition from traditional mentality to modern ideology, and by analyzing Lin Zexu＇s ＂ Ju Jie＂ （ ＂ Guarantee Bond＂ ）which required that the foreign merchants trading in China must abide by Chinese laws and regulations, it is believed that in the war Against Opium, Lin Zexu tried to handle the international affairs with the mordern diplomatic theories. However, because of restrictions of that time, Lin Zexu made some mistakes. Therefore, Chinese people are confronted with the new challenge -how to protect the national dignity and authority effectively.