北京门头沟废弃采石矿区地表土壤动物群落多样性

The community diversity of ground-dwelling soil animals in abandoned quarry in Mentougou,Beijing

以北京门头沟废弃矿区为例,研究弃矿生态恢复地表土壤动物群落多样性。2006年3月～4月,在设置的样带内,采用陷阱法对石灰矿天然恢复(下段)和人工恢复(上段)区的地表土壤动物群落进行调查。在157个陷阱中,共采集到地表土壤动物2604只(未知类群112只),隶属1门4纲16目1亚目47科。大型土壤动物优势类群有叶蝉科、蚁科,分别占大型土壤动物的22.45%和47.71%;中小型土壤动物优势类群有等节跳科、长角跳科和甲螨亚目,分别占中小型土壤动物的23.27%、35.22%和41.01%。矿区地表动物营养功能群以植食性和捕食性为主。Spearman等级相关分析表明,上、下段之间地表土壤动物个体数差别极显著(rs=0.446,p<0.01)。上段土壤动物个体数、类群丰富度和类群多样性随时间差异均显著(p<0.05);上、下段,部分土壤动物个体数、类群丰富度和类群多样性之间存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。非度量多维标度(Non-matricMultidimentionalScaling,No-metricMDS)分析表明,地表土壤动物个体数量、类群以及营养功能群的分布与恢复方式、土壤养分状况、地表植被状况有关。

Mentougou District which is located in the West Mountains of Beijing, is the main quarrying area to satisfy the big demands of urban construction in Beijing. Quarrying has altered the landscape of Beijing West Mountains and resulted in the habitat degradation dramatically. Soil animals as the important part of the Earth＇s biological diversity play vital roles in decomposition, soil-plant ecosystem restoration, and even as indicators for ecological restorations. In order to study on the community diversity of ground dwelling soil animals in abandoned quarry areas, one transect with pitfall traps was set up in an abandoned quarry in Mentougou during March to April of 2006. The transect was across the quarry（ down side）which was under natural restoration within 10 years and then up to the surrounding area （upper side） where was planted with Platycladus orientalis in the natural shrubwood. 2 604 individuals （112 unknown）of soil animals were collected from 157 pitfalls, which belonged to 4 classes, 16 orders and 1 suborders, and 47 families. Among the macro ground dwelling soil animals, the most common groups were cicadellidae （22.45%） and Formicidae （47.71%）, then were common groups such as Tenebrionidae, Mycetophagidae, Scaphidiidae, Lathridiidae, Cicadidae, Thripidae, Armadillidiidae and Araneae. The most common meso and micro ground dwelling soil animals were Isotomidae （23.27%）, Entomobryidae （35.22%）, and Oribatida （41.01%）. Phytophage was the most common guild （41.51%）, then was predators （28.30%） and Omnivores （ 18.87% ）. Fungivorous forms （ 1.89% ） and Cadavericoles （ 1.89% ） were the rarest guilds. The resuh by Spearman ranks correlation stated that the difference of individual numbers of ground dwelling soil animals between down side and upper side was very significant （ r, = 0. 446, p 〈 0.01 ）. In the down side, the individual number and group richness were increasing from March 31 to April 21, and the group diversity and evenness were increasing from March 26 to April 21 while the group diversity and evenness in upper side were decreasing. The difference of group richness and group diversity between the down side and the upper side were significant （p 〈 0.05 ）. The analysis by No- metric MDS （ Non-matric Muhidimentional Scaling） stated that the distribution of individual number, groups and guilds related to the situation of restoration, soil nutrient and vegetation.