中国红树林湿地物种多样性及其形成

Species diversity in mangrove wetlands of China and its causation analyses

目前中国红树林湿地共记录了2854种生物,包括真菌136种、放线菌13种、细菌7种、小型藻类441种、大型藻类55种、维管束植物37种、浮游动物109种、底栖动物873种、游泳动物258种、昆虫434种、蜘蛛31种、两栖类13种、爬行类39种、鸟类421种和兽类28种。这些动物中有8种国家一级保护动物,75种二级保护动物。中国红树林湿地是中国濒危生物保存和发展的重要基地,并在跨国鸟类保护中起着重要作用。中国红树林湿地单位面积的物种丰度是海洋平均水平的1766倍。从初级生产物质基础、食物关系多样性、宏观尺度和微观尺度的空间异质性、生境利用的时序性等方面分析了中国红树林湿地物种多样性极其丰富的原因。

To date, total of 2854 species of organisms were recorded in Chinese mangrove wetlands, including 136 species of fungi, 13 species of actinobacteria, 7 species of bacteria, 441 species of microalgae, 55 species of macroalgae, 37 species of vascular plants, 109 species of zooplankton, 873 species of macrobenthos, 258 species of nektons, 434 species of insects, 31 species of spiders, 13 species of amphibians, 39 species of reptiles, 421 species of birds and 28 species of mammals. Among them, 8 species belonged to the category 1 of Chinese national protected animals and 75 species belonged to the category 2. Chinese mangrove wetlands are very important bases for the conservation and development of the endangered species to China, and playing a critical role in the international activities for protecting the migrating birds. The species abundance in Chinese mangrove wetlands was 1766 times as much as that for the averaged species abundance in Chinese sea fields. The prolific species diversity in Chinese mangrove wetlands can be attributed to their high primary productivity, high diversity in their consumers＇food preferences, high spatial heterogeneity at macroscopical and microscopic scale levels, and their dynamic temporal sequence in habitat utilization.