以色列野生二棱大麦农艺性状差异及相关性分析

Phenological and Phenotypic Differences and Correlations among Ecotypes of Hordeum spontaneum Originating from Different Locations in Israel

为给野生大麦的遗传和基因资源的研究提供依据,对起源于以色列不同地区6个群体的16个生态型野生二棱大麦的物候性状进行了研究。结果表明,不同生态型间的物候性状差异明显。从个体水平上分析,其最大值均出现在湿生生态型中,除旗叶面积外,其最小值则出现在旱生生态型中;从群体水平上分析,除每穗粒数外,湿生型平均值皆高于旱生型平均值。曼-怀氏等级和检验显示,湿生型和旱生型之间的这些物候性状差异达到显著水平。斯皮尔曼秩相关性检验则表明,9个物候与性状间,除三叶期与粒重、穗粒重无相关性外,其余物候性状间均呈显著的相关性,其中生长期与旗叶面积、株高、穗长、芒长等呈显著正相关,与每穗粒数则呈显著负相关;芒长与旗叶面积、株高,穗长与株高存在显著正相关,而每穗粒数则与芒长和旗叶面积分别呈显著负相关,芒长与穗长亦呈显著正相关。分析表明,以色列不同地区野生大麦物候性状差异是其生境主导下生存选择的结果,其丰富的表现型多样性,可用于遗传与育种研究。

The phenological and phenotypic differences and correlations of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum originating from six populations and 16 microhabitats in Israel were investigated in the present study.The obtained results showed that there were large differences in the phenological stages of plant development among these ecotypes.These included the stages of plant growth（three leaves,tillering,heading,maturity）,plant height,flag leaf area,spike length,awn length,grains per spike,kernel weight and grain weight per spike,etc.The values of these characteristics were the highest in the mesic ecotypes,whereas the lowest values were in the xeric ecotypes excluding the flag leaf area,which was opposite to all items above.At the population level,the values of the mesic ecogotyes were higher than that of xeric ones excluding grain per spike.Furthermore,there were significant differences between mesic and xeric populations by Mann-Whltney test.Spearman＇s Rho correlation test for phenological and phenotypic differences of the wild barley of these ecotypes indicated that there were very good correlations among these items.The results demonstrated that wild barley can grow in natural conditions in Israel.Natural selection has established different ecotypes,which allow these ecotypes of barley to adapt to mesic or xeric environment,and abundant phenotypes harbored in this wild species.Therefore,wild barley can be used for identification of novel genes and utilization for barley breeding program.