车种代用情况下的空车调配模型的改进

Improvement of the Empty Car Distribution Model with Substitution of Car Types

针对原有的车种代用空车调配模型存在装车收益不准确和车种代用非均衡化的局限性,考虑车种代用受代用收益、代用费用、空车配送费用和车流接续等因素的影响,通过建立以OD流为基础的均衡运输下的重空车调整的时空网络,以网络节点车流量平衡、同种空车不对流、货运计划和装车指令性任务为约束条件,以综合收益最大化为目标,构建改进后的模型。以6个货运站、3种货车和3种货物构成的平衡运输网为例,利用改进的模型,求出车种代用的空车调配优化方案。结果表明:利用改进的模型,能提高货车使用效率,增加运输收入,同时根据最优解可计算出各装车站的货运计划完成情况、各空车产生站的空车产生量。

Because the original model for empty car distribution with substitution of car types is deficient in account of transport profit and equilibrium of substitution, an improved model is presented. With analysis of factors influencing substitution of car types, such as substitutional profit, substitutional cost, assig- ning-empty-car cost, train connection, etc, and construction of time-space network based on OD flow, the new model takes maximum benefits as objective. Its constraints include flux equilibrium of nodes, forbidden convection of empty cars, freight transport plan, and authoritative transport task and substitution of car types. Taking an example of balanced network related to six freight terminals, three car types and three kinds of freights, this paper finds out an optimal solution to empty car distribution, which shows that the improved model can increase efficiency of freight cars and incomes of railway enterprise. At the same time, according to the optimal solution, empty car production and the accomplishment of freight transport plan can be calculated.