理解行业协会

Understanding business associations

行业协会是同行业的企业出于自身利益而集中起来的一种组织形式,其形成主要源自于交易成本的节约或者租金的创造。它的职能不仅是联系政府与市场,而且弥补市场失灵和政府失灵。行业协会的内部治理和外部治理是行业协会职能得以发挥的重要保证。内部治理的基础是建立在一人一票基础上的投票制度,这也是行业协会从企业的自身利益出发的私利组织转化成为公共利益服务的私利政府的基本保证。行业协会的绩效是改善企业资本结构、促进行业发展、提高治理效率。东欧转型国家的行业协会都是在原先的计划经济体制解体后组建起来的,弥补了计划经济体制解体导致企业之间交易关系纽带断裂的缺陷。

After summarizing the literature on the function,the governance and the performance of industry associations,this paper points out that the industry association is an organization form which aggregates the enterprises in the same industry with compatibility of interest together,to save transaction costs and bring about rents.Its function is not only to integrate the government with the market,but also to offset market failure and government failure.The inside and outside governance of industry associations guarantees that the industry association efficiently brings its function into play.The inside governance is based on the vote institution 'one person one ballot',and this spurs the industry association to make a transfer from the benefit-directed private organization to the government for public interests.The performance of industry associations is to improve corporate capital structure,promote the development of industry and enhance the efficiency of governance.The industry associations in eastern Europe transitional countries were organized after the disintegration of the original planned market institutions,which offset the break of transaction nexus between enterprises originated from the disintegration.This paper provides a standard for the reform,building and development of industry associations.