论“罪疑唯轻”原则下刑事被告之举证负担

On the Burden of Proof of the Accused Under the Principle of "In Dubio Pro Reo"

罪疑唯轻是刑事法中的重要裁判原则,裁判者在犯罪事实存在疑问时必须作出有利于被告的裁判。如果公诉方不履行法定的证明责任,或者刑事被告提起"有事实根据的合理怀疑"使案件事实真伪不明时,裁判者应当遵守罪疑唯轻原则作出有利于刑事被告的判决。"选择确定"本质上是罪疑唯轻原则例外,但刑事被告在选择确定中仍无需承担主观的举证责任,只承担客观的证明责任。在程序性事项上,除重大的影响刑事被告权利的事项外,罪疑唯轻无适用余地。

In criminal justice there exists an important principle to do benefit to defendant, which is known as ＂in dubio pro reo＂. The jury or judge must make a advantageous judgment for a defendant if the accused cannot product evidence and persuade the judger. If the defendants produce some evidence to make judge believe that there are ＂reasonable doubts＂, the criminal defendant may not be convicted. Although Wahlfeststellung rule is virtually an exception of ＂in dubio pro reo＂, the defendant may not have the burden of production or persuasion. The principle of ＂in dubio pro reo＂ cannot be used in debate .of procedural facts except when they affect defendants＇ rights seriously.