我国流域水资源可持续利用的法律问题及对策

Legal Analyses and Countermeasures to Sustainable Use of Water Resources in China’s River Basins

实现流域水资源的可持续利用,对于保障和促进我国经济社会的全面、协调、可持续发展具有重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义。我国流域水资源现状是人均占有量少,流域分布不均,浪费严重,污染加剧。流域水资源存在的法律问题主要是立法理念陈旧,法律法规相互冲突,水权界定不清晰,流域生态补偿的法律制度缺失,公众参与立法制度缺位。解决的法律对策是转变指导思想,更新立法、执法理念,制定流域法,建立系统的流域管理机构,建立水权制度和流域生态补偿法律制度,建立完善公众参与制度。

The realization of sustainable use of water resources in river basin has vitally practical and historical meaning to safeguard and promote the comprehensive, harmonious and sustainable development of China＇ s economy and society. The existing conditions of water resources in China＇ s river basins are insufficiency of possession per capita, asymmetric distribution of river basins, severe waste and deterioration of pollution. Legal problems in river basin water resources are originated from dated legislative concepts, cross - contradiction of statutes, indefinite water right, lack of legal system of environmental compensation and public participation in legislation. The legal countermeasures to solve these problems above are to change the instructive concepts, update the concepts of legislation and law enforcement, enact the river basin law, establish systematic supervisory organizations of river basin, and perfect the system of public participation.