丹顶鹤群体的驯化放飞技术

Technique of Volitation Training for Acting for Red-crowned Crane Colony

为了能够更好地保护鹤类和引导良性的野生动物娱乐,扎龙保护区通过人工繁育建立了丹顶鹤观赏群体。结合丹顶鹤的生物学特征,从2月龄雏鸟开始建立群体并进行训飞训练。对2003—2004年9次放飞结果的分析表明:丹顶鹤最适飞翔温度为15～20℃,但低温不会严重影响飞翔,在高于30℃高温时,丹顶鹤拒绝飞翔的比率达到60%左右;雨雪天气丹顶鹤多数拒绝飞翔。丹顶鹤最适飞翔风力为3～4级,风力大于6级时,丹顶鹤拒绝飞翔。在提供30只丹顶鹤飞翔时,场地起降区面积应不少于1000m2,且应保证约30°的起降角。放飞地点空中的可移动物体和放飞场地内及附近过大的噪音会严重影响放飞效果。

A-non-migrated colony of Red-Crowned Crane （ Grus japonensis） was established in Zhalong National Reserve, in which the individuals were born through artificial breeding and began training for volitation around 60 day-age. Data of fly action from 9 sites during 2003 and 2004 show that the optimum temperature for the red-crowned crane to fly varies from 15 to 20 degrees C, but low temperature will not severely influence the volitation of the crane. When the temperature is above 30 degrees C, sixty percent of the cranes will refuse to fly, and most cranes do not fly during rainy and snowy days. The suitable wind power for the cranes to fly is 3 - 4 grades, and the cranes refuse to fly when the wind power is above 6 grades. The area of the acting field for 30 cranes flying over should not less than 1 000 square meters, and the angle of flying-off and land-down should be about 30 degrees. In addition, some environmental factors such as loud noise and moving objects in the sky will severely affect the volitation.