济南市大气细颗粒物水溶性组分及大气传输的研究

Study on the water-soluble ions in fine particle matter and the long-range transport of air masses in the city of Jinan

采用大流量采样器,于2004年11月至2005年9月对济南市城区细颗粒物PM2.5进行了研究测试,对其水溶性离子成分和pH值进行了分析.结果表明,济南市PM2.5污染严重,超标率达93.6%,超标倍数为1.20-5.72,呈略酸性.水溶性离子占PM2.5质量的49.81%,其中SO4^2-,NH4^＋,NO3ˉ是水溶性离子的主要组分,各占PM2.5质量的20.88%,12.01%和10.94%,主要以（NH4）2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在.72 h后推气流轨迹和簇分析表明起源于济南西北方向（俄罗斯,蒙古国,中国北部）且运动速率较低的气溶胶长距离传输能够加重济南细颗粒污染水平.

To investigate the characteristics of the tlne particle matter and the long-range air masses transport in Jinan, PM2.5 samples were collected every two days from November 2004 to September 2005. The major water-soluble ions and pH values of PM2.5 samples were analyzed. Concentrations of PM2.5 in Jinan exceed 93. 6%. SO4^2- , NO3ˉ and NH4^＋ are the dominant ionic species in PM2.5, respectively accounting for 20.88%, 10.94% and 12.01% ofPM25 mass. In the aerosol system, NH4^＋ , SO4^2- and NO3ˉ are assumed to mainly exist as （NH4）2SO4 and NH4NO3. PM25 in Jinan is slightly acid compared with the blank. It is shown that the occurrences of high concentrations of PM2.5 in Jinan have good relationship with the air masses originating from the northwest of Jinan （Russia, Mongolia, north of China） and traveling at low speed.