散打大负荷专项训练运动对红细胞参数变化的影响

Effect of the intensive and specialized Sanda training on red blood cell parameter

目的:有关持续一段时期大强度、或大运动量、递增负荷强度运动的实验较多,而对运动强度大、时间较短的激烈对抗性运动项目的运动研究较少。实验观察了散打大负荷专项训练对不同运动水平运动员红细胞参数变化的影响,并分析其可能的机制。方法:实验于2003-08-25/2003-08-26在上海体育学院武术散打馆完成。选取上海体育学院男子散打队运动员共16名,实验组为一级和武英级运动员8名,对照组为二级运动员8名,运动员对均对实验内容均知情同意。所有运动员在实验前及实验过程中身体健康,无心血管、肝肾及血液系统疾病史,实验前48h内受试者均未进行过剧烈运动。采用全自动血细胞分析仪测定实验组和对照组在一次散打大负荷专项训练前后红细胞参数的动态变化。结果:16名受试者均进入结果分析。一次散打大负荷专项训练可导致两组红细胞计数、红细胞压积即刻值均明显低于基础值(P<0.05),平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度即刻值均明显高于基础值(P<0.05),运动后12h均恢复到基础水平,但实验组血红蛋白明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:一次散打大负荷专项训练可导致运动员单位体积红细胞数量因大量红细胞破裂溶血而减少,恢复12h后,破裂的红细胞数量与补充的新红细胞数量基本上达到一个新的动态平衡,与运动员运动水平高低无关。

AIM： Many studies on continuous training of great intensity, large quantity and increasing load intensity are found, but studies on short-term intensive training are few. This study was aimed to observe the influence and possible mechanism of intensive and specialized training on red blood cells （RBC） parameter of different level Sanda players. METHODS： The experiment was performed at the Wushu Sanda Center of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education from August 25^th to August 26^th, 2003. Sixteen Sanda players of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education were selected. Experimental group included eight high level athletes, and control group was composed of eight usual level athletes. All athletes signed the informed consent. They were health, no the histories of cardiovascular disease, liver, kidney and blood system disease. 48 hours before the experiment the testees did not do violent exercise. Dynamic change of RBC parameter of experimental group and control group was determined by auto-BC analyzed instrument before and after an intensive and specialized training. RESULTS：Totally 16 athletes were involved in the result analysis. Intensive and specialized training could obviously decrease red blood cell count （RBC） and haematocrit （HCT） in both groups （P 〈 0.05） and increase mean corpuscular hemoglobin （MCH） and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration （MCHC） （P 〈 0.05）, and recovered into the basic level in 12 hours after training, but hemoglobin level in the experimental group was obviously higher than that of control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： A intensive and specialized Sanda training could lead to quantity of RBC in unit volume reduction by a great deal of RBC cracking and hemolysis, quantity of cracked RBC and newly compensatory RBC could basely reach a new homeostasis in 12 hours. It is not associated with the training level.