人胚胎干细胞生物学特征研究现状

Advances in the biological characteristics of human embryonic stem cells

学术背景:实验表明,人胚胎干细胞具有无限增殖,在特定条件下具有分化成多种类型细胞的潜能,具有重要的基础研究价值和巨大的临床应用前景。目的:综述人胚胎干细胞的研究进展、生物学特性及其应用前景。检索策略:应用计算机检索Medline1998-01/2006-12和Embase1998-01/2006-12期间有关人胚胎干细胞、干细胞移植的文献,检索词"humanembryonicstemcell,stemcelltransplantation",并限定文章语言种类为English。同时检索万方数据库1998-01/2006-04期间相关文献,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词"人胚胎干细胞,干细胞移植"。对资料进行初审,选取实验包括人胚胎干细胞的特性、培养,干细胞移植的相关文献,删除明显不随机的临床实验研究。文献评价:共检索30篇关于人胚胎干细胞的特性、培养,干细胞移植的随机和未随机实验,24篇符合纳入标准。排除的6篇是因重复的同一研究。资料综合:获得人胚胎干细胞的途径是将体外受精胚胎的内细胞群分离培养,或从受精后5～9周胎儿含有原始生殖细胞的生殖嵴和肠系膜中分离培养而获得,获得胚胎干细胞的另一种途径是通过体细胞核转移技术。胚胎干细胞表达有标志其未分化状态的多种抗原分子,包括胚胎时期特异性抗原、肿瘤排斥抗原和生殖细胞肿瘤标志,在一定的条件诱导下可分化为内皮、骨、软骨、平滑肌、心肌、骨骼肌、神经胶质、原始神经节及复层鳞状上皮细胞,并可能形成组织和器官。其已广泛应用与细胞、组织的修复和移植、基因功能、药物实验等研究。结论:随着胚胎干细胞研究的不断进展,对胚胎干细胞的生物学特征会不断的得以揭示,其在药物毒物筛选、细胞移植治疗、基因治疗等领域的应用会不断突破。

BACKGROUND： The experiments suggest that human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into numerous cell types under specific conditions. Therefore, human embryonic stem cells are potentially valuable for the basic research and clinical application. OBJECTIVE： To review the research advances, biological characters and future application of human embryonic stem cells. RETRIEVE STRATEGY： A computer-based online search of Medine from January 1998 to December 2006 and Embase between January 1998 and December 2006 was undertaken to identify the articles on human embryonic stem cell, stem cell transplantation with the keywords of ＂human embryonic stem cell, stem cell transplantation＂. Meanwhile, Wanfang database was searched for relevant articles published from January 1998 to Apdl 2006 with the same keywords in Chinese. The articles were checked firstly, and relevant articles on the characters, culture and transplantation of human embryonic stem cells were selected. Articles of obviously non-randomized clinical experiments were deleted. LITERATURE EVALUATION： Totally 30 articles about the characters, culture and transplantation of human embryonic stem cells were collected with randomized and non-randomized researches involved, and 24 met the inclusive criteria. Six repetitive articles were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS： Human embryonic stem cells are isolated from the inner cell mass of in vitro fertilized embryo or from the genital ridge and mesenterium that contain primordial germ cells of 5-9 weeks foetus. Somatic nuclear migration technique is another approach to obtain embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells express various antigens that could reflect the differentiation of stem cells including the specific antigen at embryo stage, tumor rejection antigen and germ cell tumor mark. They also could be induced to differentiate into endothelium, bone, cartilage, smooth muscle, myocardium, neuroglia, primitive neural ganglion and pavement epithelium cells, and form tissues and organs. Embryonic stem cells have widely used in cell and tissue repair and transplantation, gene therapy, medicine experiments, etc. CONCLUSION： With the development of researches on embryonic stem cells, their biological characteristics would be revealed gradually, and their application in drug and toxin screening, cell transplantation and gene therapy must be promising.