低温活化制备纤维状活性炭复合材料

Preparation of fiberous activated carbon by lower temperature activation

以玻璃纤维毡为基质，在玻璃纤维上涂布聚乙烯醇和氯化锌的混合物，得到多孔碳纤维前驱体。通过控制活化条件、改变活化剂浓度以及原料的配比，制备了一系列复合型纤维状多孔炭材料（GFAC），结果显示，活化温度、活化时间和ZnCl2的浓度强烈影响GFAC的比表面积、孔径分布和在玻璃毡上的碳层含量。在450℃的低温下制得的复合材料的比表面积达650m^2／g，中孔体积达65％．空气与ZnCl2共同活化，比在N2气氛中活化更能提高碳层的比表面积，可制得微孔比表面积达75％，比表面积达到400m^2／g的GFAC。GFAC样品具有较好的机械强度，其动态吸附速率接近ACF。

A series of glass-fiber-based fibrous activated carbon （GFAC） were prepared by using glass fibers coated with polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） as precursors. Effect of activated condition, such as concentration of activated agent ZnCl2, activation time and temperature on structure of GFAC products were examined. The results showed that activated temperature, activated time and ZnCl2 concentration strongly affected the specific surface area, pore size distribution and the content of carbon layer of the GFAC. GFAC that had a specific surface area of 650 m^2/g and a 65% mesopore volume could be prepared by chemical activation at 450℃. And a GFAC that had a specific surface area of 400m^2/g, of which 75% was micropore, could be prepared by activation at 350℃ in air atmosphere. GFAC activated in air atmosphere could have higher specific surface area than that activated in N2 atmosphere. The experimental results also showed that GFAC prepared in this study had better mechanical strength and dynamic adsorption properties.