洞庭湖湿地珍稀濒危鸟类群落组成及多样性

Species diversity of rare, endangered and national key protected waterfowls in Dongting Lake wetlands

2005年7至2007年4月,采用直接记数法和"GPS"技术定位监测对洞庭湖湿地珍稀濒危保护鸟类资源及其环境进行调查。结果表明:洞庭湖湿地珍稀濒危保护鸟类有218种,隶属于16目46科。其中古北界鸟类占优势,有118种,东洋界鸟类54,广布种鸟类46种。冬候鸟为主体,有118种,留鸟40种,夏侯鸟35种,旅鸟25种。按生态类群分,游禽45种、涉禽69种、陆禽3种、猛禽22种、攀禽11种、鸣禽68种;该湿地有国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类7种、Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类43种,国际湿地公约名录中的鸟类37种。洞庭湖湿地珍稀濒危保护鸟类群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数分别为4.489 7和0.576 5。

Base on field survey from July 2005 to April 2007, species diversity distribution of rare, endangered and national key protected wetland waterfowls and environment in Dongting Lake wetlands were studied with direct counting and ＂GPS＂ Technical in located inonitoring. There were 218 species of these waterfowls in Dongting Lake wetlands, belonging to 46 families of 16 orders. In terms of geographical distuibution types, the Palaearcti, Oriental and Loslnopolitan were 118, 54 and 46 respectively. The Palaearctic species were dominant. According to the seasonal pattern, 118 species were winter migrant, 35 were summer migrant, 25 were traveling birds and 40 species were resident. Referring to eco-groups, 45 were Natatores, 69 were Gallatores,3 were Terrestores, 22 were Raptaores, 11 were Scansores,68 were Passeres. 7 species are Class 1 protected, 43 species are Class 11 protected in China, and 37 species ranked in Protected Bird List by the Convention on Wetlands. The index of diversity and equality in Dongting Lake reserve were respectively 4.489 7 and 0.576 5.