生态肥料NutriSmart^TM在甜椒生产中应用的生态效应

Eco-effects of NutriSmart^(TM)’s application in pepper’s production

过量施用肥料导致产品质量下降,引发水体和土壤的严重污染;减少施用农田化肥或施用对环境影响较小的肥料将有利于减少农田N、P损失。因此,世界各国尝试研究和开发既能提高作物产量和质量又可降低环境风险的新型肥料。生态肥料Nutrismart在甘蔗、野菜种植上均取得较好的成效,但在蔬菜上的应用研究及其施用后的N、P损失研究鲜见。本研究以甜椒(Capsicum annuum var.grossum)为例,进行温室培养试验,共设8个处理,采用不施肥、纯施常规化肥和混施不同比例的生态肥料NutriSmartTM和常规化肥的技术,比较生态肥料NutriSmartTM和常规化肥混施与单独使用常规化肥对甜椒产量及品质的影响,并进一步通过土柱淋溶试验模拟研究生态肥料对土壤氮磷损失的影响,评价其生态风险。结果表明,生态肥料NutriSmartTM的施用,不仅大幅度降低化肥的用量,还保持了甜椒的产量和质量,且施用量的提高未增加土壤中氮、磷的淋溶,造成水体富营养化的风险降低,在蔬菜中有良好的应用前景。

Excessive applications of fertilizers not only lead to poor product quality, but also to heavy pollution in water and soil. Reduction of chemical fertilizer （CF） or weak environmental-impact fertilizer instead of farmland one will help reduce the N, P losses. Research on innovative fertilizers has been realized in order to increase crop yield and quality while reducing environmental risks. An ecological fertilizer, the NutriSmart^TM （NS）, has successfully been applied to sugar cane, edible wild herbs, but few studies were focused on its application to vegetable and its N, P losses. This works aims to set evidence of the effect of NutriSmartTM applid：l to a vegetable, the sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum var. Grossum）. Greenhouse cultivation tests including a total of eight treatments （no CF, CF only, various ratios of CF to NS）, each with four replicates, were investigated to find out the benefit for both products and quality of pepper. Furthermore, leach experiment through the soil column simulates nitrogen and phosphorus losses to evaluate its ecological risk on the soil. The results showed that the application of ecological fertilizers NutriSmart^TM not only greatly reduce the amount of fertilizer, but also maintained the yield and quality of sweet pepper. The application did not increase the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus loss in soil, reducing risk of eutrophication in water. Therefore, the application ofNutriSmart^TM to vegetables may present a promising future.