地膜覆盖对土壤温度、水分的影响及节水效益

Effect of Mulch on Soil Temperature and Moisture and Analysis of Water Saving Benefit

通过地中蒸渗仪和试验场种植试验，探讨了地膜覆盖、桔杆覆盖、无覆盖种植条件下土壤温度、含水量垂向分布及变化特征；根据水量平衡要素观测资料，分析了地膜覆盖和无覆盖条件下作物不同生长期土壤蒸发、土壤水分补给和消退规律，研究了不同地下水埋深条件下地膜覆盖种植的增产效益和节水效益．着重阐述了地膜覆盖种植在控制作物棵间蒸发、节约用水。

On the basis of lysimeter data and field experiments,the soil temperature and moisture profiles as well as their temporal processes with and without plastic or straw mulch have been studied,and the characteristics of soil evaporation,water recharge and recession have been studied on the basis of accurate observation data of water balance elements during different plant growing periods.The effects of production enhancement and water saving by the mulch under different groundwater tables have been demonstrated,and that highlights the importance of mulch in the controlling of soil evaporation and water saving as well as the use of soil water resources and precipitation resources.