滇池流域典型城郊村镇排放污水氮、磷特征分析

Discharge Rule and Character of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Household Wastewater from Suburb Typical Region in Dianchi Lake Catchment

城乡结合部地带的生活、生产排放污水已成为流域水体污染的主要原因之一,准确掌握城郊村镇排放污水规律及氮磷特征是区域环境治理的基本条件。本文以主要入滇池河道——大清河下游张家庙汇水区为研究区域,研究分析了滇池流域典型城郊村镇排放污水规律及其氮磷特征。结果表明,排放污水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的浓度分别达(136.85±12.64～178.85±22.55)mg·L-1和(12.05±0.74～17.07±3.05)mg·L-1,其中氮主要以颗粒态氮(PN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)和溶解有机氮(DON)为主;磷主要以溶解性正磷酸盐(PO43--P)、颗粒态磷(PP)为主。一天之中排放污水流量和污染物浓度高峰出现在上午、中午和夜晚,低谷出现在清晨和傍晚;一周内工作日与非工作日的变化差异不显著;同一月份之中只有溶解态氮(DN)、溶解态磷(DP)浓度各天之间差异显著;不同月份之间污水排放流量、TN、DN、DP浓度差异显著。排放污水流量和污染物浓度变化基本反映了滇池流域典型城郊村镇居民的生活方式及作息规律,为该类区域污水治理提供资料参考。

A study was conducted to assess the household wastewater quality and to study the discharge rule of household wastewater from the outskirts of Kunming in Dianchi Lake catchment. The typical inhabitant quarters in Zhangjiamiao village, Daqing River catchment, the main river flow into Dianchi Lake, was selected as the representative study region. The concentrations and dynamics of total N, NO3-N, NH4^＋-N, dissolved N, total P, dissolved P and PO4^3--P were analyzed. The result showed that： the nutrients concentrations were very high with（136.85±12.64～178.85±22.55）mg·L^-1 of total N, and （12.05±0.74～17.07±3.05） mg·L^-1 of total P. The main nitrogen pollutants were particle N, NH4^＋- N and dissolved organic N. The main phosphorus pollutants were PO4^3--P and particle P. The dynamics of discharge flux and concentration corresponded to the resident＇s work-rest pattern. For one day, the pollutant concentrations reached the peak in the morning, noon and night, but kept low levels in the early morning and evening. In a week, the pollutant concentrations showed no significant difference between the non-working day and the working day, but showed marked differences among different months.