嘉兴市大气微生物监测结果分析

Monitoring of Air Microorganism in Jiaxing City

目的观察嘉兴市大气微生物污染现状。方法选择嘉兴市中心、郊区和农村3个监测点采用自然沉降法对本市空气微生物浓度进行一年四季初步监测。结果四季中大气环境有不同程度微生物污染（Ⅲ～Ⅴ级），尤其是秋季，大气微生物环境质量等级在Ⅳ级（污染级）以上，农村可达中污染级（V级）。空气中各类微生物在不同季节、不同区域分布的特点是：市区和郊区四季均显示为细菌〉耐高渗透压霉菌〉马丁霉菌；农村则春、冬季为细菌〉马丁霉菌〉耐高渗透压霉菌，夏、秋季同市、郊测点。上述3区域马丁霉菌和耐高渗透压霉菌平均浓度均为秋季明显高于其他季节（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），尤其是农村。细菌和真菌中分别以革兰阳性球菌、芽胞杆菌和青霉菌、交链孢菌、镰刀菌为优势菌属。结论提示农村空气微生物污染较重值得关注。

Objective To investigate the current pollution status of air microorganism in Jiaxing city, Methods The monitoring was carried out in three representative spots： urban center, suburb and rural areas. The concentration of air microorganism was determined by means of gravity plate during one year, Results The rank of atmosphere microorganism pollution varied all year around （ Ⅲ-Ⅴ ）, especially in autumn the rank was higher than IV, even reached rank V in rural areas. The distribution density of air microorganism was variow; in different seasons and districts： bacteria 〉 high osmotic pressure- resistant fungi 〉 Martin＇ s fungi in urban center and suburb all year around. However, in rural areas, the situations were bacteria〉 Martin＇ s fungi 〉 high osmotic pressure- resistant fungi in spring and winter. The mean concentrations of Martin＇ s fungi and high osmotic pressure-resistant fungi were significantly higher in autumn than in other seasons （p 〈 0.01, p 〈 0.05 respectively）, especially in rural areas. Gram-positive Coccus, Bacillus spore and Penicillium, Ahemaria Solani, Fusarium were the dominant genus of bacteria and fungus, respectively. Conclusion Air microorganism pollution in rural areas deserves attention greatly,