红壤丘陵区水保措施在不同坡度坡耕地上优化配置的探讨

Water and Soil Conservation Measures for Different Slope Land in Red-Earth Hilly Region

红壤丘陵区的坡耕地水土流失是比较严重的，选择适当的治理措施，对于减轻坡耕地水土流失具有重要意义。文章着重研究了耕作措施、梯田措施、植物篱措施在坡耕地不同坡度上的蓄水保土效益。得出以下结论：坡度对3种措施的蓄水保土效益都有一定的限制作用，随着坡度的增大，不同措施的效益会随之减小。耕作措施一般在0°～5°能够发挥较高水土保持效益；梯田措施能够在0°～15°发挥较高水土保持效益；而植物篱措施只要在〈250的坡耕地都能够发挥较高水土保持效益。从而建立了在0°～5°、5°～15°、15°～25°3个坡度级别的坡耕地上分别采用以耕作措施、梯田措施、植物篱措施为主的治理措施进行治理，在〉255°的坡耕地退耕还林的红壤地区的坡耕地的治理优化配置方案，可以达到既防止水土流失又节约资源的效果。

For solving the problem of serious soil and water loss on slope land in red-earth hilly region, it is very important to choose proper control measures. In this paper, such control measures as fanning, terrace, and hedgerows have been studied. The results show that slope can limit the effectiveness of all three measures, and the effectiveness of different measures will be reduced with the increasing gradient. These measures have different effects on soil and water conservation on the slope land with different grade. The farming measures can play a high role in water and soil conservation on the slope of 0° ～ 5° ; terraced measures can play a high role in water and soil conservation on the slope of 0°～ 15° ; hedgerows measures can play a high role in water and soil conservation on the slope of 0° ～25°. Farming measures can get the same effectiveness as terraced measures and hedgerows measures on the slope of 0° ～ 5°, but less money would be spent on farming measures than terraced measures and hedgerows measures. So farming measures more likely to be accepted by farmers. On the slope of 5° ～ 15°, farming measures cannot get a high effects in water and soil conservation, and terraced measures can obtain higher effect than hedgerows measures. The most important thing is that： many terraces have been built in hilly red-earth region, and some old terraces could get a high effect in water and soil conservation after repaired. On the slope of 15° ～25° , hedgerow measures can get higher effects in water and soil conservation than terraced measures. Compared with hedgerows measures, the working time that terraced measures take is 21 time than hedgerows measures, and the money that terraced measures take is 60 time than hedgerows measures. The soil fertility and outputs of the crop would increase after the hedgerows ware built. When the slope is more than 25° , the quantity of soil erosion will be increased dramatically. Based on these results, it is concluded that the farming activities should be conducted on the slope of 0° ～5° ; the terraced measures should be used on the slope of 5° ～ 15° ; the hedgerows measures should be used on the slope of 15° ～25° ; and the slope farmland over 25° should be converted into forest land. This measures can prevent soil erosion and also save resources effectively in hilly red-earth region.