北京流动人口校外青少年感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的脆弱性及其影响因素

Human immunodeficiency virus vulnerabilities and related health risk behaviors of out-of-school children of the floating population in Beijing

目的:探讨北京流动人口校外青少年感染艾滋病的脆弱性及其影响因素。方法:2005年9月至10月对260名14～20岁的校外青少年进行问卷调查。结果:校外青少年缺乏预防艾滋病的知识和技能;心理社会能力处于较低的水平,性观念趋于开放,却没有使用安全套的意识。校外青少年对艾滋病病毒感染者的态度与家庭幸福、父母融洽、工作稳定、知识、生活技能以及心理社会能力中的情绪控制能力和同理能力成正相关。青少年的生活技能与母亲文化程度高,对家庭富裕程度满意,工作稳定,知识得分高,社会责任感强,人际关系好呈正相关。预防艾滋病能力与文化程度在初中以上,工作稳定、知识、生活技能和心理社会能力中的情绪控制、同理能力、社会责任感呈正相关。结论:校外青少年是感染艾滋病的脆弱人群,把个人层面干预和社会结构层面干预结合起来才能有效降低他们的脆弱性。采取有效可行的方法提高他们的生活技能和心理社会能力是预防艾滋病教育的重要环节。

Objective：To explore the vulnerability and related risk behaviors of the out-of-school adolescents floating with their parents from country to city.Methods：From September to October in 2005,260 out-of-school adolescents who were 14 to 20 years old were investigated in our study.Results：The out-of-school adolescents lacked of HIV/AIDS knowledge and life skills,and their psychosocial competence was at a lower level.The adolescents were open-minded to sex,but they were not conscious of using condoms.Attitude towards people with HIV was positively correlated with a well-being family,harmonious relation between their parents,a stable job,knowledge,life skills and psychosocial competence（such as in control of emotions,empathy）.Their life skills were positively correlated with their mothers＇schooling satisfaction with family income,a stable job,high scores of knowledge,social responsibility,and interpersonal relationship.Competence of HIV/AIDS prevention was positively correlated with schooling,a stable job,knowledge,life skills,and psychosocial competence.Conclusion：Out-of-school adolescents were vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.Individual level intervention combined with structural intervention could effectively reduce their vulnerability.Effective and feasible health education approach to enhance their life skills and psychosocial competence was a key point to health education on HIV/AIDS prevention.