北京延庆农村支气管哮喘流行病学调查结果

Epidemiological survey of asthma in a rural area of Yanqing County in Beijing

目的:了解北京延庆农村支气管哮喘(哮喘)的流行病情况和易患因素。方法:对北京市延庆县5个自然村40岁以上1638人进行入户问卷调查,包括呼吸系统症状、行为习惯、个人史、家族史;进行体检及肺功能检查(通气功能及支气管舒张试验);根据喘息发作特点、体征、肺功能检查确诊哮喘。危险因素经单变量分析后,将统计学上有意义的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果:在1638名年龄大于40岁人群中发现哮喘患者31人,患病率为1.89%(31/1638)。女性明显多于男性。哮喘发作的诱因以感冒、冷空气、被动吸烟及油烟刺激等为主。幼年时有呼吸道疾病史、14岁以前咳嗽病史、生物燃料使用年限在哮喘组与非哮喘组间差异有统计学意义,14岁以前咳嗽病史与哮喘发生关系更为密切。该地区哮喘明确诊断比例只有12.9%。结论:北京延庆地区40岁以上人群哮喘患病率较高,改变人群生活习惯,控制14岁以前呼吸道感染,可能减少哮喘患病的危险因素。对农村地区的哮喘防治应该更加重视。

Objective：To evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors of asthma of people aged more than 40 years living in the rural area of Beijing.Methods：The data of 1638 people aged more than 40 years living in 5 villages of Yanqing County in Beijing were collected.Respiratory symptoms,the living conditions,life styles and cooking habits,personal history and family history were collected.Physical examination and lung function tests（ventilation function and bronchodilation tests）were also performed.Asthma was diagnosed based on symptoms,signs,and lung function tests.Univariate analysis and Logistic analysis were employed to evaluate the risk factors for asthma.Results：The prevalence of asthma was 1.89%（31/1 638）.For those with asthma,the male to female ratio was 1∶4.2,the difference being significant（P〈0.05）.Common triggering factors for asthma included influenza,cold air,passive smoking and cooking oil smoke.There were statistic differences between asthmatics and non-asthmatics in respiratory disease history in childhood,frequent cough before age 14,and years of exposure to biomass fuel.Cough before age 14 was closely associated with asthma.Only 12.9% of the cases had been diagnosed before this study,indicating that asthma was a underdiagnosed disease in this area.Conclusion：The prevalence of asthma is high in this rural area of Beijing.Life style changes and management of respiratory infections before age 14 are indicated for reducing risk factors for asthma.More attention should be paid to early diagnosis of asthma in rural areas.