中国夏代人的牙周疾病状况分析

Study on periodontal disease in Chinese in Xia Dynasty

目的:观察河南二里头遗址和山西游邀遗址出土的中国夏代人的颅骨及牙齿,了解当时人类的牙周病发病情况,为宏观认识人类进化过程中口腔疾病的发生发展积累资料。方法:用临床常用的检查方法对考古遗址出土的夏代人类颅骨标本进行观察,共观察标本56个个体,其中男性38例,女性18例,共观察牙齿894颗,均为恒牙。统计牙周病的发病情况。结果:中国夏代人牙周病以牙数计算的患牙率为19.80%,以个体数计算牙周病的患病率为42.86%;牙齿缺失率为7.45%。结论:中国夏代人牙周病患病率较新石器时代高,与殷商时期差异不大;两性之间未见差异、随年龄增高患病率逐渐增高;下颌牙较上颌牙更易受累;牙周疾病是导致夏代人牙齿丧失的主要原因。

Objective：To study the teeth of the ancients in Xia Dynasty,the first dynasty in Chinese history about 4 000 years ago,and acquaint ourselves with their incidences of periodontal disease,and the evolution of oral diseases.Methods：The teeth and jaws excavated in Erlitoou,Henan Province and Youyao,Shanxi Province were observed with clinical methods.The specimens totaled 56 individuals（male 38,and female 18）,including 894 teeth,and 86 dental arches.The objects were all permanent teeth.The major observation items were periodontal disease.The prevalence of periodontal disease of the people in Chinese Xia Dynasty were outlined.Results：The prevalence rate of periodontal disease was 19.80% in the 894 teeth,while prevalence rate was about 42.86% among the individuals.The premortal tooth lossrate was 7.45% in the observed teeth.Conclusion：Periodontal disease is an aging-related disease without sex difference and commonly seen in the mandible,which is quite similar to the situation at present.The periodontal disease was the main reason for tooth loss in people of Xia Dynasty.