植物抗性相关基因的研究

Reviews on Plant Resistance Genes and the Related Resistant Mechanisms

植物广谱抗性反应中,特定的抗性基因通过细胞信号转导高度表达。应用图位克隆、转座子标签、微卫星标记等技术从一些主要的经济作物和园艺植物中定位和克隆了大量抗性基因。R蛋白是一类重要的Pr类蛋白,往往具有若干相似结构域,R蛋白结构和序列分析对抗性基因家族分类、抗性信号转导机制研究有重要意义。Avr基因研究的成果进一步证实了"基因对基因"学说。根据抗性细胞信号转导机制的研究,发展形成了激发子-受体学说、细胞防卫学说等一些新的植物抗性机制假说。目前已有十几种动植物、微生物的外源抗性基因应用于转基因植物研究中。

By the specific signal pathway, such as SAR reaction,induced by avirulence genes,the related plant resistance gene families can be highly expressed and can produce various resistant compounds, pathogenesis related proteins inducing resistant proteins. According to the studies of resistant protein sequencing and 3D structure analyses, it is proved that resistant proteins always have some similar and conservative domains, whose feature is applied in PCR amplification for resistance genes. Also, through positional cloning, transposon tagging, some resistance genes have been cloned and been sequenced. A array of experiments demonstrated the interaction between resistant proteins and avirulence factors. So, to sum up, the results can better explain the Gene-for-gene hypothesis or plant resistant mechanisms.