影响组织培养诱导四倍体小果型西瓜三种因素的研究

Study on Three Factors of Inducting Tetraploid Mini-watermelon by Tissue Culture

以二倍体小果型西瓜自交系21，90，141，149,157的授粉后20～25d的未成熟种子中的子叶为材料，进行离体组织培养诱变四倍体，研究了不同的秋水仙素浓度、处理时间对组织再生，不同的秋水仙素浓度、处理时间与再生途径对加倍率的影响。结果表明，未成熟子叶组织再生有产生单芽、芽丛、愈伤组织3种方式；不经秋水仙素诱导处理，直接进行组织再生时，直接再生不定芽能力强；经秋水仙素诱导处理后，进行组织再生时不定芽产生受到抑制，愈伤组织发生数多于单芽或芽丛数；基因型不同，处理的秋水仙素浓度与时间不同，再生的组织类型与数量不同；还发现经一定时间的适宜浓度的秋水仙素处理后，有利于产生的愈伤组织分化成苗；对再生植株鉴定可知，0．03％秋水仙素处理9d或0．05％秋水仙素处理7d可诱导出较高比例的四倍体植株，并且通过愈伤组织途经的加倍率高于通过单芽和芽丛途经。

Immature cotyledons of diploid mini-watermelon inbred-line 21,90,141,149,157 were used for inducing tetraploid by tissue culture. The effects on double rate treated by different colchicine concentration, treating time and regenerate ways were studied. Results indicated that： the tissue could regenerate sigle bud, crowed buds or callus. Without colehicine inducing the tissue had high ability of regenerating buds directly. Otherwise the buds were restrict, and the numbers of calluses were more than that of buds. The tissue type and quantities were related to gene type, colchicine concentration and treating time. The calluses were easy to different plants induced by suitable colchicine concentration. To identify the plants, we got rather high propotion of tetraploid induced by 0.03 % colchicine in 9 days or by 0.05 % colchicine in 7 days, and high double rate by way of callus.