玉米秸秆覆盖冬小麦免耕播种对土壤理化性状的影响

Effects of No-tillage Planting for Winter Wheat with Maize Straw Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties

5年的玉米秸秆覆盖免耕定位试验表明，与其他处理相比较，覆免处理土壤含水量比其他处理增加5．56％-17．0％；表层（0-10cm土层）土壤容重比其他处理降低9．35％-10．9％；覆免处理土壤总孔隙度（10，20cm土层）比清茬免耕处理增加13．80％；覆盖免耕处理水稳性团聚体（≥0．25mm）（0-10cm土层）比清翻处理增加104．5％。在0-20cm土层，覆免处理土壤全氮含量比其他处理增加10．6％-15．8％、覆免处理碱解氮含量比清翻处理增加23．3％、覆免处理土壤有机质含量比其他处理增加29．0％-33．8％。玉米秸秆覆盖免耕改善了农田土壤理化性状，冬小麦产量没有得到相应的提高，有待于进一步的研究以充分发挥该项农作措施的优势，实现土壤的可持续利用。

The results of five-year test of no-tillage with maize straw mulching suggested that soil moisture content increase by 5.56 % to 17.0 % in treatment of NTMS （no-tillage with maize straw） compared with other treatments, soil bulk density decrease （0 - 10 cm soil layer） by 9.35% to 10.9% compared with other treatments,soil total porosity（10 - 20 cm soil layer）increase by 13.80 % compared with NTN （no-till without straw mulching）, soil water stable aggregate （≥0.25 mm,0- 10 cm soil layer） increase by 104.5% compared with TN （tillage with no straw return）. Also the resuits suggested that soil total nitrogen content in treatment of NTMS increase by 10.6% to 15.8% compared with other treatments, soil alkali-hydmlyzadle nitrogen content increase by 23.3 % compared with TN （tillage with no straw return）, and soil organic matter content increase by 29.0 % to 33.8 % compared with other treatments in 0 - 20 cm soil layer. Although the treatment of NTMS improved soil physicochemical properties, the significant higher yield of winter wheat corresponded with the improved soil was not found in the test. The further study on the question about how to increase winter wheat output in NTMS need to be carried out to exert its advantage sufficiently, then the soil sustainable use of land would be realized.