抗条锈矮秆大穗型小麦茎叶穗遗传及各性状相关研究

Genetic and Correlating Analysis of Stem,Leaf and Spike Characters in Dwarf and Long Spike Wheat

以4个矮秆大穗型小麦材料为母本,6个高产小麦为父本,采用不完全双列杂交设计,对小麦15个茎叶穗农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明:15个农艺性状的表现都是由加性和非加性基因共同决定的。15个性状遗传力均较高,除旗叶宽、旗叶面积和单株粒重三性状外,其余性状主要由加性基因决定。除叶宽和结实小穗两性状外,其余各性状的GCV均较大,表明对其选择和改良的潜力较大。各茎叶穗农艺性状一般配合力间存在不同程度的依存关系。指出小麦高产育种应注意协调好提高结实小穗、穗长、每穗粒数与提高穗下节长和穗颈节长以及穗长与单株穗数间的关系。

Using four dwarf and long spike wheats for female parent and six high yield wheats for male parent, which was designed for the incomplete dillel cross. The genetic behaviors of 15 stem, leaf and spike characters were studied. The result indicated that the heritability of the 15 traits was high, these traits were controlled by both additive and non additive gene. Except flag leaf length, flag leaf area and plant yield, other traits were mainly controlled by additive gene. The ge- netic coefficient of variance （GCV） of the other traits were high except leaf width and spikelet number, implicated that there was great genetic potential in selecting and improving these traits. The correlativity between the stem, leaf and spike traits had close connection, indicated that the high yield breeding in wheat must correspond the relation between improving spikelet number, spike length, gram spike and pedmlcle length,first inlernode length under spike.