地基微波辐射计探测在黄河上游人工增雨中的应用

Application of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Detection to Precipitation Enhancement in the Upper of the Yellow River

利用2003、2004年夏秋季在青海省河南县的地基双频段微波辐射计连续观测资料，在实施系统探测实验以进行辐射亮温值（TB（23．87），TB（31．65））与大气汽态总水汽含量（Q）和云中积分液态水含量（L）值反演处理的基础上，分析了黄河上游河曲地区的云水特征，并进行了降水预测及人工增雨作业指标的探讨。结果表明：在黄河上游河曲地区，7—9月纯晴天无云天气条件下，L值基本为0，表明了统计回归反演的显著性。多云条件下Q值和L值分别在3．76～4．75g·cm^-2、227．34～859．42g·m^-2的范围内。可降水云天气，Q值在5．23～8．65g·cm^-2间，L值在421．18～1016．37g·m^-2的范围内；积雨云个例分析表明，在降雨开始前近5小时的降雨酝酿期内，Q及L的增加有明显的波动，但在对流云出现并发展时，Q和L总是急剧上升，在降雨前达到一峰值；由河南站和西安站的Q、L值比较差异可以看出，Q、L值受水汽输送、地形等因素的影响，黄河上游河曲地区的人工增雨潜力有显著的优势；所计算出的降水预测阈值。可作为该地区人工增雨作业指标的参考。

The ground-based dual-wavelength microwave radiometer system was applied to detect the precipitable water vapor （ Q ） and path-integrated cloud liquid water （ L ） in Henan County of Qinghai from July to September in 2003, 2004. The cloud water feature was analyzed by using the data from the microwave radiometer, and an experiment of weather modification is preliminary conducted. The result indicated that there is a certain range of both Q and L under the various atmospheric conditions, for which the retrieval model is effective. For the cumulonimbus case, there is an obvious fluctuation in both Q and L in advance of five hours of precipitation. Then, the convective cloud developed and Q and L had a sharp increase. Data comparison between Henan and Xi＇an stations shows that Q and L were influenced by the terrain and vapor transportation. The former station has a better potentiality of precipitation enhancement than the later. The calculated threshold of precipitation has reference value for the operation of weather modification in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.