福柯 尼采 谱系学

Foucanlt,Nietzsche and Genealogy

尼采和承继尼采的福柯对传统历史观的批判和对新历史方法—谱系学的建构,让我们找寻到一种全新的理解历史的视角。传统历史学总是试图为事物的产生寻找形而上学的高贵本质。而谱系学义无反顾地拒绝了这种假定。谱系学研究起源,不是要奠定什么基础,不是要寻找同一性的根源,相反是要破碎那些被认作是同一的东西,要尽力消解它,要昭显我们所经历的一切非连续性,要反对理想意义和无限目的论的元历史展开,要呈现那些被想像成自身一致的东西的异质性。传统的历史不需要事件,或者把事件当成装饰,它要的是本质特征、最终意义和永恒价值。但是,谱系学告诉我们,世界和历史只不过是无数纠结缠绕的偶然事件,我们在无数流逝的事件中生活,并无原初的坐标。

Through the criticism on traditional history notion and the establishment of new history method-genealogy by Nietzsche and Foucault, we find a fire-new view to understand history. Traditional history always tried to seek for superorganic noble essence of things and thought that everything has its essence and keeps its identity when it evolves, so things was more rare in the beginning. Genealogy refused to this assumption firmly. It researchs origin not for settling base and seeking for identity, by contrary for breaking and clearing up the identity and for displaying the uncontinuity, for showing the heterogeneity of supposed identity. Traditional history needn＇t event, it need essence, meaning and value. But genealogy tells us that world and history are only the events by accident. We live in the running events and have no original direction.