试析“京”字本义

Tentative Analysis of The Original Meaning of “Jing”

许慎《说文解字》训释“京”字本义为“人所为绝高丘”,分析甚为牵强。马叙伦、郭沫若等学者对此提出了不同的看法,不过这些观点缺少有力的佐证。本文根据“京”字的甲骨文形体,根据元代王祯《农书》所绘制的作为古代农具的“京”的图形,根据古代的文献材料,根据“京、囷、廩”三字的同源关系,从形、义、音三个方面进行分析判断,认为“京”字的本义应该是“方形的大谷仓”。

Xu Shen explains the original meaning of “jing” as “man-made high rideau” in ShuoWenJieZi, It is a very farfetched explanation. Different opinions have been put forward by some scholars such as MaXulun aHd GuoMoruo, hut these opinions lack powerful evidence. Rased on the ample analysis and judgment in shape, sound and semantic, the paper defines the original meaning of “jing” as “square big granary” , according to the shape of oracle-bone inscription of “jing”, the picture of “jing” as ancient farm implement drawn by WangZhen in NangShu in Yuan dynasty, some ancient documents, and etymological relationship among “jing” , “qun” and“lin”.