浅析雅典在伯罗奔尼撒战争中失败的原因

The reason of Athens' failure in the Peloponnesian War

伯罗奔尼撒战争是古希腊城邦间的一场大混战,是古希腊由盛而衰的转折点。政治、经济、军事和外交占优势的雅典是有可能战胜处于劣势的斯巴达的,但雅典最终败于斯巴达。导致雅典失败的原因是多方面的,如经济的对外依赖性和财政来源的不稳定性造成战时财力不足;内部党争和民主政体的弊端;战略和战术的错误;同盟内部矛盾导致盟邦的暴动等。

Peloponnesian War was a fierce battle between the city-states of ancient Greece, which was a turning point of ancient Greece from prosperous to decline. It is possible for Athens to defeat Sparta in inferior position, because Athens has a lot of preponderances, such as politics economy military affairs and diplomacy. There are many reasons caused Athens＇ failure. For example, the outward dependence of the economy and the un-stability of the public finance source, which result financial power shortage in the war time; civil strife and the defect of Democracy; the mistake of the strategy and military tactics; the allies＇ riot for internal contradiction of allies： Persia＇ s interfering in the war, which was to support Sparta and so on.