基于拉姆塞定价模型的天津地铁价格定价研究

Study of Tianjin metro ticket pricing based on Ramsey pricing model

目前国内的地铁票价大多采取单一票价制或者计程票价制,虽然这在票价上体现了公平,但是,如果利用地铁票价的价格杠杆来引导客流,就可以进一步提高公共交通系统的效率,改善社会福利。研究认为,应用拉姆塞定价原理采用高峰定价法可以实现这种效果。此文从经典的最优拥挤定价理论出发,分析城市道路拥挤定价中的交通需求的变化和在拥挤定价条件下的交通需求预测问题,探讨拥挤定价的收费标准对出行方式选择和需求的弹性,为该高峰分时段定价政策的实施奠定理论基础。

At present most of the metros at home adopt either a flat fare system or a metered fare system. Although it reflects equity in terms of metro fares, the efficiency of public transport system will be further promoted and social welfare improved if the metrog ticket price lever is used to guide traffic flow. Studies indicate that the Ramsey pricing principle ought to be employed to materialize this effect with the peak - hour pricing method. Starting with the classic and optimum passenger crowded pricing theory, this article performs an analysis on the problem of change in traffic demand in the urban road passenger crowded pricing and on that of traffic demand under the conditions of passenger crowded pricing, and explores the elasticity of fare collection standard under passenger crowded pricing versus the choice of travel mode and traffic demand, which lays a theoretical basis for the implementation of the peak - hour - based pricing policy.