陕西凤县林麝家庭养殖:历史、现状与繁殖特性

Domestic Rearing of Forest Musk Deer(Moschus berezovskii) in Fengxian County,Shaanxi,China: History,Status and Reproductive Characteristics

通过访问调查，对陕西凤县林麝家庭养殖历史和现状进行了分析。结果表明，1986～2001年是凤县林麝养殖的发展缓慢期，2002～2005年是快速发展期。2005年底，该县有林麝养殖户40家，存栏数为447头。大多数家庭林麝养殖规模小，近一半（47．5％）养殖户的存栏数不超过5头，大多数养殖户（65％）的存栏数低于10头。圈养林麝具偏雄性死亡特征，主要在5月繁殖，每胎产仔1．6±0．5只，双胎率为62．2％，雌雄比为0、946：1。目前，所有养殖户养殖林麝的主要目的是销售种源，绝大多数养殖户对林麝养殖前景看好，并将扩大养殖规模。对林麝家庭养殖中出现的一些问题进行分析，并提出了相应的解决方案。

Based on the logs by raiser, collective data from the local bureau of forestry, and visitation on the spot from March to April 2004, the history, status and reproductive characteristics of captive forest musk deer Moschus berezovskii of Fengxian County, Shaanxi, China had been analyzed. The raiser number and the captive population size had increased slowly from 1986 to 2001, which had been expanding rapidly from 2002 to 2005. There were 447 forest musk deers in stock in Fengxian County at the end of 2005, which possessed by forty breeders. The population size was less than 43 individuals for each raiser, and which not more than five or ten individuals for 47.5% or 65% of the 40 raisers respectively. The female M. berezovskii gave birth to cub mainly in May with the largest and mean litter size, the ratio of male to female, and probability of twins of 2, 1.6 ± 0.5, 0. 946： 1, and 62.2 %, respectively. The death of M. berezovskii was male-biased. For holding the viewpoint of promising market of selling cub to potential raisers, which now is the main drive to rear this animal, and all the existing raisers would expand their stock in the future. Finally, the problems encountered in domestic forest musk deer breeding were brought forward, and corresponding measurements to deal with them also developed.