教育在日本现代化进程中的作用

Functions of education in Japan’s modernization

所谓“现代化”是一个历史过程,也是一种发展状态。包括从传统经济向现代经济、传统社会向现代社会、传统文明向现代文明的转变等。一般意义上的“现代化进程”指的是人类从农业时代向工业时代、从工业时代向知识时代的转变过程。日本是亚洲第一个走上资本主义道路、实现工业化的国家,在二战战败后又从一片废墟中迅速崛起成为世界第二大经济强国,成功进入知识化时代。在这当中,两次教育改革起了重大作用。那么,这两次教育改革又是如何成功地促进日本的现代化进程的呢?对我们又有什么启发作用呢?本文将从两次教育改革的背景、内容入手,分析其基本特性及其在日本现代化进程中所起的重要的作用。为了能简单地论述问题,我们先设定三组关键字。第一组是两个“R”(Restoration & Reform);第二组是两个“C”(Control & Competition);第三组是两个“E”(Equality & Efficiency)。

The word, what is called ＂modernization＂, is a kind of developmental-state as well as a historical process. It includes the transformations from traditional economy to modern economy, traditional society to modern society , traditional civilization to modern civilization, ect. The general meaning for ＂modernization cause＂ refers to human beings＇ transformation from agricultural times to industrial times and industrial times to information times. Japan is hsia＇ s first capitalized country who has accomplished its industrialization. It rebuilds on World War Two＇ s ruins, grows up as the second world＇ s great economic power and transforms successfully to information economy. In this process, two educational reforms function significantly. So, how do these two educational reforms accelerate successfully Japan＇ s modernization process？ What can we learn from this？ This paper starts with their background and contents, and then analyzes the basic characters and the significant functions in Japan＇ s modernization. To simply dissertate this topic, the author gives out three groups of key words. The first group includes two ＂R＂, the second two ＂C＂ and the third two ＂E＂ .