职业紧张对中学教师亚健康状态的影响

Effect of occupational stress on sub-health condition among teachers in middle schools

目的:分析职业紧张和亚健康状态之间的相关关系,探讨亚健康的主要职业紧张因素,为改善中学教师的健康状况提出切实可行的干预措施。方法:分别采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和亚健康状态自制量表从主观方面对685例中学教师进行职业紧张水平和亚健康状态评价,并按性别、年龄分层,采用脑电超慢涨落分析仪检测脑内神经递质,客观评价中学教师的职业紧张水平,采用偏相关分析和多元线性回归模型分析职业紧张和亚健康状态之间的内在关系。结果:职业紧张水平与脑内神经递质水平关系较密切,表现为个体紧张反应水平与脑内γ-氨基丁酸和谷氨酸水平呈负相关(P均<0.05),而与脑内5-羟色胺、乙酰胆碱、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺水平呈正相关(P均<0.05)。职业紧张水平与亚健康状态呈相关关系:职业任务水平、个体紧张反应与亚健康状态呈正相关(P均<0.05);而个体应对资源与亚健康状态呈负相关(P<0.05)。某些脑内神经递质水平与亚健康状态关系较密切:脑内化学递质γ-氨基丁酸水平与亚健康状态总分呈负相关,而5-羟色胺水平与亚健康总分呈正相关(P均<0.05)。多元线性回归模型结果显示:心理紧张反应、躯体紧张反应和离异是造成亚健康状态的主要危险因素,而娱乐休闲和社会支持是预防亚健康状态发生的主要保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论:职业紧张是亚健康状态主要的危险因素,应尽可能降低或缓解中学教师的职业紧张水平,同时增强其应对职业紧张的能力,以预防亚健康状态发生。

Aim ： To investigate the relationship between the occupational stress and the sub：health condition. Methods ：Occupational stress of 685 middle school teachers was investigated by the questionnaire of occupational stress inventory revised edition （OSI-R） and their sub-health condition was evaluated by the questionnaire made by ourselves subjectivey. The activity of neurotransmitter （GABA, GLU, ACHR, 5-HT, ACH, NE,and DA） was detected as objective index for evaluating occupational stress with the advanced encephaloflutuograph technology. Results： The results showed that psychological strain was negatively correlated to the activity of GABA and Glu and positively correlated with the activity of 5-HT, Ach, NE, and DA （P 〈 0.05）. The scores of occupational role and personal strain were positively correlated to the score of sub-health condition（ P 〈 0.05）. While, there were significantly negative correlations between the score of personal resource and the score of sub-health condition （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The activity of GABA was negatively correlated to the score of sub-health condition,while the activity of 5-HT was positively correlated to the score of sub-health condition. Results from multiple linear regression showed that psychological strain, physical strain and divorce were the main risk factors of the subhealthy state, while recreation and social support were favorable to the health. Conclusion： The occupational stress is an important risk factor of middle school teacher＇s sub-health condition. So reducing occupational stress and strengthening their coping resources may be efficient intervention measures for improving sub-health condition.