武陵山东部蚤类区系及不同样地群落物种多样性比较

COMPARISON OF FLEAS FAUNA AND THE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE DIFFERENT SAMPLE PLOTS AND COMMUNITIES IN THE EAST PART OF WULING MOUNTAINS,CHINA

于2000～2004年对武陵山东部7个不同样地、3个不同海拔梯度和6个不同生境类型的蚤类,进行了5年调查与研究。结果:1)在获得的7科17属30种4320只蚤类中,有4种为古北界种类,占13.33%,22种为东洋界种类,占73.34%,4种为广布种,占13.33%;该结果与云南无量山及临沧地区的蚤类有着相同或相似的区系渊源,而与一江之隔的大巴山东部地区区系则明显不同,该地区以古北界成分为优势;2)武陵山东部地区蚤类的垂直分布规律主要表现在,1100m以下主要为东洋界成分,1200m以上有少量古北界种类分布,并随海拔升高,古北界成分略有增加;3)在7个不同样地中,物种丰富度和个体数量随海拔升高而增加,在优势种上,多数样地以偏远古蚤为优势,但在优势数量上缺乏明显规律性,并不是随海拔升高而增加;4)在6个不同生境类型中,优势种与优势数量都具明显的规律性,其中以偏远古蚤为主分为两组,山脊侧缘林、小溪山边林和坡地林为一组,人工林和农田山侧灌木林为另一组,前者平均优势数量达80.03%,后者优势数量在31.56%～48.92%之间;5)相似性系数(q值):在整个山体多数样地中,由北向南相似性系数(q值)随海拔降低和空间距离增大而逐渐降低,仅绿丛坡与牛庄、绿丛坡与独岭有例外,表明整个山体植被的片断化、或斑块化,一方面加剧或减低了样地与样地之间蚤类群落的相似程度,另一方面还要受海拔及空间距离的双重影响与制约,即海拔高度和空间距离愈大,蚤类群落的相似性及多样性越低,山体的片断、斑块或破碎化就越明显,这显然与人为过多或过频干扰有关。

5 years＇ continuous study has been carried out to fleas in 7 different sample plots,3 different altitudes and 6 different ecological environment types in the east part of Wuling Mountains in Hubei.Results：1）in the 7 families 17 genera and 30 species of 4320 fleas collected,4 species belong to Palaearctic Region（13.33%）,22 belong to Oriental Region（73.34%）and 4 are widely spread（13.33%）,which is similar to fleas fauna in Wuliang Mountains and Lincang area in Yunnan,However,in the east part of Daba Mountains in Hubei,most fleas belong to Palaearctic region,which is significantly different;2）the rule of vertical distribution of fleas in the east part of Wuling Mountains is that under 1100m the fleas mainly belong to Oriental region,from 1 200 m there are a few species belong to Palaearctic Region and with the higher altitude,more species belong to Palaearctic Region;3）in 7 different sample plots,richness of species and individual number increase with the altitude higher（except Duling area and Tianpingshan area,the diversity index and uniformity index in other 5 sample plots are obviously lower and not distributed evenly）,most sample plots have Palaeopsylla remota as the dominant species,but the quantity of the dominant species lacks regularity,which does not increase with the altitude higher;4）for the 6 different ecological types,there is an obvious regularity in dominant species and quantities as well.Palaeopsylla remota can be divided into 2 groups,one group includes mountain ridge forest,rill border forest and sloping field forest,the other includes growing forest and farmland shrub,the average quantity of dominant species is 80.03% for the former and 31.56%-48.92% for the latter;5）for similarity coefficient（q）,in most sample plots,with the altitude lower and increase of the space distance,the similarity coefficient gradually decreases from north to south.Only Lucongpo area and Niuzhuang area,Lucongpo area and Duling area are the exception.It shows that the snippet or speckle of vegetation of the mountain increases or decreases the similarity of the flea community between sample plots.On the other hand,it is influenced with the altitude and space distance,that is,with the higher altitude and greater space distance,the similarity and diversity of fleas community will be lower and the more obvious speckle or fragment of the mountain vegetation will appear,which is obviously attributed to too much or too frequent human interference.