素质教育的历史脉络与未来取向——兼理新中国教育目的之演进

The Historical Context and Future Orientation of Quality Education——On the Evolution of the PRC's Educational Aim

深化"素质教育"这一主题的研究,需要突破在研究视野上多集中于对政府文件的字面注脚、在研究方法论上多拘泥于将"素质教育"与"应试教育"对举(立)、在研究内容上多着力于对"素质条目"的列举这样一种刻板研究程式。疏通素质教育的历史脉络、辩正其学术义理、阐明其未来取向,是突破这种程式的关键一环。就"教育目的"而言的"素质教育"与就"测量手段"而言的"应试教育"二者是不同类型因而也就不可类比、未必对立却又可以交叉重叠的范畴。就教育目的而言,培养社会主义事业的"建设者和接班人"是1949年以来中国大陆教育一以贯之的"素质"要求;现代公民教育当是素质教育的未来取向。

To push forward the research of quality education, we must surmount the research formula which focuses on the annotation of the red paper in researching field, sets quality education against exam-oriented education in researching method and just lists the items of quality education in researching content. It is necessary to trace back. to the historical context of quality education and reorientate its connotation academically. Quality education seen from the educational aim and exam-oriented education seen from the educational evaluation are two different categories and so incomparable to each other, but can be intersected. It is an unchangeable educational policy and aim to cultivate the communist successors since the People＇s Republic of China was founded. Civil education should be the orientation of quality education in modem China.