国内外学习障碍研究的探索

Exploring the Study of Learning Disorder at Home and Abroad

学习障碍领域的研究已有200余年的历史,但并未形成一个统一的认识。国外有关学习障碍的研究历史可以分为早期、转折、整合、现代四个阶段。我国则起步较晚,到目前为止仅经历了前三个阶段。对学习障碍儿童的诊断与干预目前主要应用常模参照、尺度参照和以课程为基础的三种测试模式进行,干预方式包括行为、认知—行为、同伴指导、神经系统功能训练及生化与药物治疗五个模式。

The study of learning disorder has had a 200-year history, but no consensus has been reached. Overseas study of learning disorder has gone through the initial, turning, integrated and modern stages, while the study in China has just gone through the first three stages because we were later in making the study. In diagnosing and interfering the children with learning disorder, we generally apply the norm-referenced test, criterion-referenced test and curriculum-based test. The interfering ways include behavior, cognition-behavior, peer guidance, exercise of nervous system function and biochemical medication.