社会建构对科学哲学的挑战

Social Constructivism Challenging Scientific Philosophy

社会建构主义自20世纪70年代诞生以来,就以激进的姿态去挑战实在论,这种挑战主要体现在:以对称性取代合理性;以自然主义取代规范主义;以发现的语境取代辩护的逻辑;以社会磋商取代实证划界。这些挑战的意义在于它突破了传统哲学预设的自然科学知识内容不可被社会学家涉猎的禁区,打开了科学知识的"潘多拉盒子",打开了科学知识的广阔的社会与文化的分析语境,正确地看到了社会与文化因素是科学不可或缺的一种组成部分。但走向了极端,切断了知识与自然界的联系,消解了科学知识的客观性和真理性,从而走向了相对主义与非理性主义。

Since 1970s, social constructivism began to challenge realism in a radical posture, which included the following contents： symmetry replacing rationality, naturalism replacing nom, discovering context replacing justifying logic, social negotiation replacing positive differentiation. The significance of these challenges is that they break trough the forbidden zone which demands socialists should not touch the natural science knowledge, thus opening the ＂Pandrora＂ Box＂ of science knowledge, disclosing the wider social and cultural analyzing context of science knowledge, and correctly seeing that social and cultural factors are the indispensable components of science. It cuts off the relation between knowledge and nature and dispels the truth and objectivity of science knowledge, therefore, it goes to an extreme - - relativism and irrationalism.