非理想机构自由度计算理论与方法——广义自由度

Theory and methodology on calculation of degree of freedom for non-ideal mechanism-generalized degree of freedom

从对偶或二元性这一自然哲学中最基本而普遍的概念出发,在能量传递分析和信号因果分析的基础上,提出机构自由度可分为运动传递自由度和力传递自由度,这两者不一定相等。在进一步分析构件和运动副的非理想性的基础上,提出了考虑机构惯性力、弹性变形、摩擦力等因素的非理想机构自由度的概念与计算方法——非理想机构的广义自由度,现有的理想机构自由度计算方法(计算结果一定是整数,无二元性)是其特殊情况。在这一新的计算方法中,机械学中的3个基本而经典的概念:传动比i,传动效率η和自由度w得到了统一,它们是3个相互关联的概念。最后定性和定量分析了几个典型非理想机构的广义自由度。

Start from the most basic and universal concept in natural philosophy of antithesis or duality and on the basis of energy transmission analysis and signal cause and effect analysis, an idea has been put forward that the mechanism＇ s degree of freedom can be divided into degree of freedom of movement transmission and degree of freedom of force transmission and this two are not always equal. On the basis of further analysis on the non-ideality of component parts and kinematic pairs, the concept of degree of freedom of non-ideal mechanism （generalized degree of freedom of non-ideal mechanism）, Which takes factors of the inertial force of mechanism, the elastic deformation, the frictional force etc. , into consideration, and the computation method were put forward, the now existed computation method on degree of freedom of ideal mechanism （the result of computation will certainly be an integer and without duality） was its special situation. Within the new computation method, three basic but classical concepts in mechanics： transmission ratio i, transmission efficiency η, and degree of freedom w have gained a unity; they were three mutually interrelated concepts. Finally the generalized degrees of freedom of several typical non-ideal mechanisms were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.