近代机械非线性动力学与优化设计技术的若干问题

ISSUES ON MODERN MECHANICAL NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND OPTIMAL DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

简述了混沌学(近代非线性动力学)的形成和发展及其对应用科学和工程科学发展的重要意义。依据混沌理论的发展史介绍了确定性动力系统中的不规则振动(现代科学中最伟大的发现之一)以及周期和拟周期振动,同时也涉及到了作为非线性科学的重要组成部分的分岔理论和奇异性理论。列举了装备制造、能源工业、交通运输、建筑工业以及航空航天等工程技术领域中存在的大量非线性问题。简要叙述了在大型旋转机械和振动机械的非线性动力学研究方面的成果,包括大型旋转机械非线性转子系统的失稳机理、分岔解与混沌运动、故障诊断及其综合治理技术;大型共振筛的非线性振动及其动力学设计方法等。希望能促进我国机械非线性动力学的更大发展,为我国装备制造业的自主创新提供理论支撑。

The initiation and development of the chaotic theory （modem nonlinear dynamics） and the significances of its applications in applied and engineering sciences are briefly described. Irregular vibrations in deterministic dynamic systems, one of the most significant achievements of modem science, in addition to the periodic and almost periodic vibrations are presented along with the developing history of chaotic theory. As the important topics of nonlinear science, the bifurcation theory and singularity theory are also introduced. Various nonlinearities encountered in the fields of practical engineering （including equipment manufacture, energy industry, transportation, construct industry, aviation and astronautics） are listed out. Research achievements on nonlinear dynamics of both large-scale rotational machine and vibrating machine （including the instability mechanism, bifurcation solutions, chaotic motions, fault diagnosis and its synthetic control techniques of the nonlinear rotor dynamical systems for large-scale rotating machinery, and the dynamic design strategy and nonlinear vibrations of large-scale resonant screens） are briefly presented. Hope the work mentioned above on the nonlinear dynamics of large-scale rotational machine and vibrating machine be benefited in further development of mechanical nonlinear dynamics in China, and also can be used as a theoretical support to the independent innovations of equipment manufacture in China.