基于反射光谱吸收特征勘探天然气的方法研究

Study on Exploring for Gas Based on Analysis of Spectral Absorption Features

反射光谱学提供了一种高效和低成本的鉴别物质成分和结构的方法;油气微渗漏理论则建立了油气藏与其上部地表的特定异常之间的因果关系。因此,可以通过检测地表异常的反射光谱来勘探油气。野外实地测量和高光谱遥感均能够实现反射光谱的检测。文章通过对青海某地区野外测量的反射光谱的分析,首先提出了典型气田区测点的光谱曲线的宏观吸收特征;然后,完成了反射光谱中的吸收特征的提取,包括吸收波段深度、位置、宽度和对称度,以此分析测区采集的样品光谱,建立了该地区的特征光谱库;提出了检测地表烃类物质的方法;最后基于线性解混模型,实现了半定量地提取测区主要蚀变矿物的丰度信息。

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelength region provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, Therefore the authors can explore for oil and gas by determining the reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This determination can be fulfilled by means of field work and hyperspectral remote sensing. In the present paper, based on the analysis of reflectance spectra determined in the field of Qinghai XX area, firstly, a macroscopic feature of the reflectance spectra of typical observation points in the gas fields is presented. Secondly, absorption-band parameters of spectra such as the position, depth, width, and asymmetry are extracted. Based on the spectral absorption features of the spectra of 144 samples collected from the field, a spectral library for the Qinghai X X area is built to make the detection of the mineral alterations more rapid and reliable. Thirdly, two methods are improved and proposed to detect hydrocarbon microseepage using hydrocarbon absorption bands of reflectance spectra determined from the field. Finally, a linear unmixing model is studied based on the spectra of 144 samples so as to semi-quantitatively determine the abundance fractions of main minerals in the authors＇ studied area.