国企改革方向：劳动者所有制

The Orientation of State—owned Enterprise Reform:Ownership by Labourers of Enterprise

"全民所有制"企业的建立不是与民争利,而是为民谋利。没有很好地实现这一目的的原因,一是国家利益高于一切的"战时"思维,潜意识中根深蒂固的按资分配观念和企业国有观念,使国家、企业、经营者、职工之间的利益关系失衡,造成国有企业不能形成有效的利益激励机制;二是缺乏有效的管理运行机制,委托代理关系中的道德风险太大;三是社会负担过重;四是税收负担不公平。国企改革既不能固守"国家所有制",也不应搞私有化,纯粹的"全民所有制"更不现实,正确的选择应是"劳动者所有制"。

The establishment of Enterprises of ＂ ownership by the whole people ＂ is not to contend with the people for profit, but to serve the people. There are four reasons for not achieving this goal. The first cause is the ＂ wartime ＂ thought that national benefit above anything. The deep--rooted idea, which supports distributing on capital and the concept enterprise is owned by the state, make the interests relation out of balance that exist among the country, enterprise, operator and the worker, cause it impossible to form effective interests incentive mecha- nism in the state--owned enterprise. The second reason is lacking effective management Operating mechanism, the moral risk in the agent relation is too heavy. Third, the social burden is overweight. Fourth, the tax burden is unfair. The state--owned enterprise reform can＇t insist regularly on ＂ national ownership ＂, should not go for privatization either, and the pure ＂ ownership by the whole people ＂ is more unrealistic. Correct choice should be ownership by labourers of enterprise .