刑事裁判中类推思维的作用及其运用——一种基于方法论意义的思考

On the Role and Application of Analogy in Criminal Adjudication——A Kind of Thinking in Methodological Sense

我国刑法在确立罪刑法定原则的同时废除了类推制度,填补刑法漏洞意义上的类推适用被严格禁止。然而,作为一种司法判断的方法,类推思维依然在刑事裁判中发挥着重要作用,它是法官解明刑法规范含义、进行犯罪构成要件符合性判断、践行"相同案件相同处理"法治理念的有效方法。当然,在罪刑法定原则之下,刑事裁判中的类推思维应当受制于刑法规范目的和可能文义范围,确保类推结论没有超越刑法规定而违背罪刑法定。

When the criminal law of China established the principle of legality, it abolished the institution of analogy, and it abandoned the analogical reasoning as a method of filling legal loophole. However, as a kind of method of judicial judgment, the analogical thinking plays an important role in criminal adjudication. It is a valid method for judges to explain criminal law, to make judgment of the conformity of constitutive conditions of crime, and to stick to the legal ideal of ＂treating like cases alike＂. However, under the principle of legality, the analogical thinking should be limited by the purpose and the possible semantics of criminal law in order to ensure the inclusion of analogy does not overstep the criminal law and violate the principle of legality.