收入分配领域公平与效率问题辨析

Study on the Issue of Fairness and Efficiency in the Field of Income Distribution

公平和效率都是多维度多层次的概念,在不同的领域、不同的层面有着不同的运用。在收入分配领域,公平与效率的关系实际上是合理满足全体社会成员的物质需要与分配激励的关系问题,二者在总体上是统一的。当前我国收入分配差距过大,很大程度上是因为没有解决好公平与效率的关系问题。实现公平与效率的统一,在政策导向上应坚持按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合,充分发挥看不见的手(市场)和看得见的手(政府)的作用,追求微观上效率的提高、宏观上公平度的增加,并把制度建设和扩大就业作为现阶段效率与公平统一的立足点。

Fairness and efficiency are the concepts of multi-dimensional and multi-level. They have different uses in different fields and different levels. In the field of income distribution, the relationship between fairness and efficiency is in fact the relationship between how to satisfy the material needs of all members of society reasonably and motivation of distribution, and their relationship is unified on the whole. The wide gap of China＇s current income distribution largely because we have not resolved the relationship between them effectively. To achieve the unification of fairness and efficiency, we should stick to the follow policy guidings： the combination of the distribution according to labor and the distribution according to factors of production; the combination of the fairness on micro and the efficiency on macro; the organic combination of market and government; taking system building and expanding employment as the standpoints in the present stage.