可达性度量方法及应用研究进展评述

Advance in Accessibility Evaluation Approaches and Applications

可达性一直是地理学、土木建筑工程设计、交通运输经济学等学科的研究热点。已有的各种可达性度量方法目前已广泛应用于交通网络与城镇发展研究、交通基础设施的区域经济效应评价、选址分析、园林景观规划、社会文化等多个研究领域。随着应用需求的持续加大和技术研究的不断深入,可达性度量方法也在快速发展,其度量体系正在形成。本文首先从两个层面对可达性的涵义进行全面阐述;在此基础上,从网络特性的角度对拓扑法、距离法、累积机会法、等值线法、重力模型法、平衡系数法、时空法、效用法等目前常用的可达性度量方法进行系统分类,并且从可达性影响因素入手对各种度量方法进行综合比较与评述;然后,针对不同的应用领域,对各种度量方法的应用研究现状进行详细论述与剖析;最后,对可达性研究的发展方向进行深入讨论与展望。

Accessibility is a research topic in the field of geography, civil engineering and transportation economics. Currently, a range of accessibility measurement approaches have been widely used in transportation network and urban development planning, transportation infrastructure effects evaluation on regional economy, location-allocation researches, landscape planning, social culture researches, to name a few. With rapid increasing of application demands and unceasing development of technology researches, accessibility measurement approaches also develop swiftly and the methodology is being formed. Based on a comprehensive exposition of accessibility concept, this paper systematically discusses the state-of-arts of accessibility measurement approaches, carries out a classification of these approaches from the perspective of network characteristics, and comparably elaborates and evaluates these approaches according to their influencing factors. Then application of various approaches are discoursed and analyzed in detail, consistent with different application areas. Finally the research priorities of accessibility research are thoroughly discussed.