上海市区话舒声阳调类合并的原因

On the cause of the merger of the Yangping,Yangshang and Yangqu tones in the Shanghai dialect

本文通过研究1853年艾约瑟《上海口语语法》一书的声调描写并结合上海地区方言相关现象,指出十九世纪中叶上海市区话存在两种声调的音变,一种是本地的阳上变阳平,另一种是来自权威方言的全浊阳上归阳去,两种音变层次叠加在一起,引起音变的双向扩散;加上这三个阳调类的调值十分接近,最终导致上海市区话阳平、阳上、阳去合并。

By thoroughly studying Edkin＇s 1853 work and also comparing with those of the modern dialects in the Shanghai area, I propose the coexistent tonal changes, the merger of the yangping and yangshang tones, and the merger of the yangshang and yangqu tones, were in process in the middle of 19^th century of the Shanghai dialect. The later tonal developments of these three lower tones in the City can be fully explained by these two contact-induced tonal changes.